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Objective: To analyze the base incidence, distribution characteristics, survival status and social security of occupational pneumoconiosis (hereinafter referred to as "pneumoconiosis") in Zibo City. Methods: The new pneumoconiosis patients in Zibo City from 1949 to 2021 were selected as the research subjects using a cross-sectional survey. Household survey or telephone follow-up were carried out, and the distribution characteristics, living conditions and social security situation were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 8 910 patients with pneumoconiosis were investigated, and 96.0% of them were male. The stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis patients accounted for 91.3%. From 1949 to 2021, the number of pneumoconiosis patients showed a stepwise upward trend with time. Most of the patients suffered from coal worker pneumoconiosis and silicosis, which accounted for 48.7% and 38.9%, respectively. The average age of onset was (52.7±11.4) years, and the average length of service exposed to dust was (21.1±9.4) years. The patients were concentrated in Zichuan District, Boshan District and Zhangdian District, that accounted for 87.8%. The industry distribution was mostly mining industry and manufacturing industry, accounting for 61.1% and 31.6% respectively. Among the 8 910 cases of pneumoconiosis, 543 cases were lost in follow-up. A total of 8 367 patients were followed-up, with a follow-up rate of 93.9%. The mortality rate of patients who completed follow-up was 50.5%, and the mortality rate decreased with the increase of the stage of pneumoconiosis (P<0.01). The rate of adoring social security in the 4 138 surviving patients was 98.4%. Conclusion: The situation of prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in Zibo City is challenging. It is necessary to strengthen the special control of dust hazards in mining and manufacturing industries in key areas such as Zichuan District, Boshan District and Zhangdian District.
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ObjectiveTo explore the distribution and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes in patients with endometriosis （EMS）. MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted to analyze the characteristics of TCM syndromes in 1 895 cases of EMS in hospitals of 19 provinces， autonomous regions， and municipalities. ResultAmong the 1 895 patients， Qistagnation and blood stasis syndrome accounted for the highest proportion， followed by Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome， and kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. The distribution of TCM syndrome types of patients with EMS in different regions， different treatment stages， and different disease types and with different therapeutic goals was different， and the differences were statistically significant. However， under different conditions， the Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome accounted for the highest proportion. Under the stratification of different regions， the cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome in north China was relatively high， the kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in south China was relatively high， and the combined phlegm and stasis syndrome was relatively high in southwest China. Different diagnosis and treatment goals corresponded to different clinical syndromes. With pelvic pain as the main manifestation， the proportion of cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome was higher. The proportion of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was higher in married patients with infertility. Patients with the main diagnosis and treatment goals of controlling mass and inhibiting recurrence had a higher proportion of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. In different treatment stages， the proportion of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in postoperative patients and those with recurrent EMS was higher. Among different disease types， the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome accounted for a higher proportion in patients with ovarian endometriosis （OEM）. The cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome accounted for a higher proportion in patients with deep invasive endometriosis （DIE）. The kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome accounted for a higher proportion in patients with peritoneal EMS. There were significant differences in age， body mass index （BMI）， and course of disease among patients with different syndromes. Patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was relatively older， and their course of the disease was relatively long. Patients with combined phlegm and stasis syndrome had relatively high BMI. There was no significant difference in CA125 and CA199 levels among all syndrome types. ConclusionThe distribution of TCM syndromes of EMS has a certain regularity， and there are differences in regional distribution， therapeutic goals， treatment stages， and disease types（P<0.05）. However， the Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome accounts for a large proportion under different conditions， suggesting that Qi stagnation is the key link of EMS. In the early stage， the team took relieving depression and activating blood as the primary treatment， and created Huoxue Xiaoyi prescription， which was the core prescription for the treatment of EMS with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome， achieving good clinical effect. At the same time， it is emphasized that EMS treatment should be integrated into the concept of chronic disease management and combined with health management. Through psychological counseling， cognitive behavior intervention， popular science lectures， and other methods， it is advised to adjust the emotion of patients with EMS， thereby increasing the curative effect. This study is expected to provide references for the clinical treatment of EMS.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the distribution characteristics of non-bacterial pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 788 CAP children admitted to Shenyang Children's Hospital from December 2021 to November 2022 were selected. Multiple RT-PCR and capillary electrophoresis were used to detect 10 viral pathogens and 2 atypical pathogens, and serum antibodies of Chlamydial pneumoniae (Ch) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) were detected. The distribution characteristics of different pathogens were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 1 788 CAP children, 1 295 children were pathogen-positive, with a positive rate of 72.43% (1 295/1 788), including a viral pathogen positive rate of 59.68% (1 067/1 788) and an atypical pathogen positive rate of 22.04% (394/1 788). The positive rates from high to low were MP, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza B virus (IVB), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), influenza A virus (IVA), bocavirus (BoV), human adenovirus (HADV), Ch, and human coronavirus (HCOV). RSV and MP were the main pathogens in spring; MP had the highest positive rate in summer, followed by IVA; HMPV had the highest positive rate in autumn; IVB and RSV were the main pathogens in winter. The positive rate of MP in girls was higher than that in boys (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in other pathogens between genders (P>0.05). The positivity rates of certain pathogens differed among age groups (P<0.05): the positivity rate of MP was highest in the >6 year-old group; the positivity rates of RSV and Ch were highest in the <1 year-old group; the positivity rates of HPIV and IVB were highest in the 1 to <3 year-old group. RSV, MP, HRV, and HMPV were the main pathogens in children with severe pneumonia, while MP was the primary pathogen in children with lobar pneumonia, and MP, IVB, HMPV, RSV, and HRV were the top 5 pathogens in acute bronchopneumonia.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MP, RSV, IVB, HMPV, and HRV are the main pathogens of CAP in children, and there are certain differences in the positive rates of respiratory pathogens among children of different ages, genders, and seasons.
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Humans , Child , Female , Male , Infant , Child, Preschool , Pneumonia , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human , Antibodies , Community-Acquired Infections , Hospitalization , Influenza B virus , Mycoplasma pneumoniaeABSTRACT
@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of the main pathogens of HIV/AIDS patients with wound infections and provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 294 patients with positive secretions or pus specimens from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 357 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 294 cases, of which 123 strains of Gram-negative bacilli (G-b), accounting for 34.5%, were mainly Escherichia coli (15.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.9%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.6%); Gram-positive bacilli (G+b) 14 strains, accounting for 3.9%; 108 Gram-positive cocci (G+c), accounting for 30.3%, of which 44 strains were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus (12.3%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci were mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.2%) and Staphylococcus hemolyticus (2.8%); 37 strains of fungi, accounting for 10.4%, were mainly Candida albicans (5.9%); 75 strains of Mycobacterium, accounting for 21.0%, including 41 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (11.5%) and 34 strains of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (9.5%). 52 of the 294 HIV/AIDS patients had mixed infections, accounting for 17.7%. There was significant difference in the distribution of G+c, G-b, mycobacteria and mixed infection among different specimen sources (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in the distribution of mycobacteria among different CD4+T lymphocyte counts (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the level of CD4+T lymphocytes between patients of different ages (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in the level of CD4+T lymphocytes from postoperative incision and other parts (P<0.05). Conclusions Patients with HIV/AIDS are prone to combined wound infections with various pathogenic bacteria. We should strengthen the research on wound infection in HIV/AIDS patients, and timely send patients with a low number of CD4+T lymphocytes for secretion or pus culture, so as to carry out targeted treatment and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Objective To analyze the survival status, distribution characteristics and social security of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2021. Methods The newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases reported in Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2021 were collected from the “Occupational Diseases and Hazards Monitoring Information System” under “National Health Insurance Disease Prevention and Control Information System”. Telephone or face-to-face surveys were conducted to investigate these patients. Results A total of 12 413 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients were reported in Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2021, with 11 192 cases included in the follow-up, and 10 631 cases were followed-up successfully. According to the follow-up study, 10 565 cases (accounting for 99.4%) were survived, and 66 cases (accounting for 0.6%) died. The number of pneumoconiosis showed an increasing trend followed by a sharp decline from 2006 to 2021, reaching its peak in 2016. The main industry of the newly pneumoconiosis cases was concentrated in the mining industry (accounting for 90.6%). The top three regions with surviving cases in the follow-up were Bijie City, Zunyi City, and Qiannan Prefecture, accounting for 34.0%, 25.4% and 12.0%, respectively. The main types of pneumoconiosis were coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis, accounting for 67.1% and 30.8%, respectively. Most cases were in the age group of 50 to <60 years old, accounting for 59.1%, and the majority of the workers had worked in dusty environments for 5 to <25 years, accounting for 91.5%. In terms of social security, about 89.5% of cases were in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents which was the most popular social security. The employer's compensation rate was 67.7%, and the work-related injury insurance participation rate was 51.5%. Conclusion Pneumoconiosis cases in Guizhou Province exhibit significant regional disparities. It has a high concentration in the industry, a younger age profile, and limited social security coverage. It is necessary to strengthen the special management of dust and industry supervision in mining industry, intensify follow-up work for pneumoconiosis cases, reinforce the construction of pneumoconiosis rehabilitation station in key regions, and improve the quality of life of pneumoconiosis cases.
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Objective:To study the locational distribution characteristics of the heterotopic ossification (HO) following traumatic elbow stiffness and the risk factors for HO development at different locations.Methods:Consecutively included according to our inclusion criteria in the present study were the patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 for elbow release due to traumatic elbow stiffness but developed postoperative HO. Their baseline data and CT data were collected and processed using Mimics 20.0. The HO distribution for each patient was characterized at the anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, posterolateral, posterior, medial, lateral, and proximal radioulnar locations. The patient's original injury was categorized into 5 types: distal humerus fracture, olecranon fracture, radial head fracture, coronoid fracture, and elbow dislocation. After the univariate analysis with the HO occurrence at a specific location as the dependent variable and the original injury and baseline data as the independent variables, the factors with P value less than 0.1 were included in the logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for HO at each location.Results:A total of 91 patients were included in this study. Of them, 88 had posteromedial HO (96.7%, 88/91), 62 posterior HO (68.1%, 62/91), 60 posterolateral HO (65.9%, 60/91), 41 anteromedial HO (45.1%, 41/91), 26 anterolateral HO (28.6%, 26/91), 13 proximal radioulnar HO (14.3%, 13/91), 8 lateral HO (8.8%, 8/91), and 7 medial HO (7.7%, 7/91). Logistic regression analysis showed that presence of ulnar nerve symptoms ( OR=4.354, P=0.017) and presence of original elbow dislocation ( OR=2.927, P=0.042) were the independent risk factors for the anteromedial HO development and that presence of original olecranon fracture ( OR=0.277, P=0.023) was the protective factor for the anteromedial HO development. Presence of original radial head fracture was the independent risk factor for the anterolateral HO development ( OR=2.891, P=0.033) and the posterolateral HO development ( OR=3.123, P=0.043). Conclusions:HO development in patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness is closely related to their original injury. Posteromedial HO may develop in almost all the patients. Patients with ulnar nerve symptoms and original elbow dislocation are more prone to anteromedial HO development, but patients with original olecranon fracture are less likely to develop anteromedial HO. Patients with original radial head fracture are more likely to develop anterolateral and posterolateral HO.
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Objective To provide guidance for pre-hospital emergency treatment by studying the disease spectrum and distribution characteristics of pre-hospital emergency treatment patients in Wuxi area from 2015 to 2020. Methods The medical records of 120 pre-hospital emergency patients in Wuxi area from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the disease types, gender, age, and seasonal distribution of the pre-hospital emergency patients were statistically analyzed. Results The top five emergency diseases of 16 437 pre-hospital patients were trauma (24.51%), cerebrovascular disease (19.16%), cardiovascular disease (18.33%), digestive system disease (9.70%) and respiratory disease (7.20%). In the distribution of disease types, the proportions of injuries, cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, respiratory system diseases, poisoning diseases and urinary system diseases in males were significantly higher than those in females (χ2=4.975, P<0.05). The proportion of male species (9 812/16 437) was higher than that of female species (6 625/16 437). From 2015 to 2020, the age group with high incidence of pre-hospital emergency patients in Wuxi area was distributed in the 50-60 years old (19.30%) and 40-50 years old (16.28%), and the least age group was 0-10 years old (2.60%). The number of pre-hospital emergency patients was 46.60% from 6 to 12 hours per day, and 10.26% from 18 to 24 hours per day. The number of pre-hospital emergency patients was the highest in summer (38.69%), and the lowest in spring (11.87%). Conclusion The pre-hospital emergency diseases in Wuxi area are mainly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the acute and severe diseases show an increasing trend. It is necessary to rationally allocate the pre-hospital emergency resources according to the disease spectrum and the peak months and time periods of different diseases, so as to improve the medical service level in Wuxi.
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OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution characteristics of new silicosis cases in Inner Mongolia from 2006 to 2018.METHODS: Through the Pneumoconiosis Report Card of Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Monitoring Information System, a subsystem of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the data of new cases of silicosis reported in Inner Mongolia from 2006 to 2018 were collected and analyzed by routine data analytic method. RESULTS: A total of 903 new cases of silicosis were reported in this area from 2006 to 2018. Most of the cases are in males that account for 98.8%(892/903). Among them, there were 536 cases of silicosis stage Ⅰ, 259 cases of silicosis stage Ⅱand 108 cases of silicosis stage Ⅲ. The median age of onset was 48 years old and the median length of service for dust exposure was 11.4 years. The industrial distribution was concentrated in nonferrous metal mining and dressing, coal mining and washing, accounting for 66.2% and 9.3% respectively. Private enterprise was the main economic type, accounting for 64.3%. The enterprises were dominated by small-and medium-sized enterprises, accounting for 35.6% and 32.0% respectively. The main types of work were rock driller and hauler, accounting for 39.4% and 17.1% respectively. The geographical distribution was dominated by Chifeng City, Bayannaoer City and Baotou City, accounting for 53.7%, 14.1% and 13.5% respectively. CONCLUSION: In order to better protect the occupational health of workers, it is necessary to strengthen the dust exposure control and protection of non-ferrous metal mining, coal mining and washing industries, private enterprises, and small-and medium-sized enterprises, rock drills and transport workers in Chifeng, Bayannaoer and Baotou Cities.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and distribution characteristics of newly-reported occupational diseases from 2006 to 2018 in Changsha City. METHODS: The data of newly-reported occupational diseases from 2006 to 2018 in Changsha City were collected using retrospective analytic method. The distribution of disease type, region, and enterprise industry, size and economic type of the cases was descriptively analyzed. RESULTS: There were 676 cases of newly-reported occupational diseases, involving 35 types in 8 categories from 2006 to 2018 in Changsha City. Newly-reported occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases accounted for the greatest number(56.2%) of total cases, followed by occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases(31.4%) and occupational chemical poisoning(9.3%). Occupational silicosis(79.2%) and coal worker′s pneumoconiosis(9.2%) were the main occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases, and occupational noise-induced deafness was the main occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral disease(96.2%).The top three regions were Yuelu District of Changsha City, Ningxiang City and Liuyang City. The top three enterprises industry were manufacturing industry(40.1%), public administration, social security and social organizations(31.7%) and mining industry(22.8%). The main enterprise size was small enterprises(57.1%) and medium-sized enterprises(30.6%), and the main enterprise economic type was state-owned economy(68.8%) and private economy(26.0%). CONCLUSION: The main newly-reported occupational diseases in Changsha City are occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational noise-induced deafness. It is necessary to strengthen occupational health supervision and management in manufacturing, mining and other key industries as well as small and medium-sized enterprises.
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【Objective】 To study and analyze the profile of irregular antibodies among voluntary blood donors in Jiaxing area. 【Methods】 The ABO and RhD blood groups of all voluntary blood donors from November 2018 to November 2020 were detected by DIAGAST QWALYS 3 automatic blood group analyzer. According to routine serological screening program of irregular antibody, the samples reactive to O blood cell were sent to the reference laboratory for further identification of the antibody specificity, and the specificity and distribution characteristics of irregular antibodies were analyzed statistically. 【Results】 A total of 79 samples presenting irregular antibodies were yielded out of 90 854 blood samples, with a positive rate of 0.087%. More female samples (n=44) than male (n=35) (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 Female, RhD negative and more than 45 years old blood donors are more likely to present irregular antibodies, regardless of the number of blood donations.
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Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of elderly people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk in Shanghai, and to investigate the mortality of patients. Methods From January 2015 to December 2019, the COPD surveillance data of Shanghai residents aged not younger than 60 years old was selected. The mortality data of the Shanghai population collected by the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention was used to analyze the mortality data of the elderly with COPD. Results A total of 3 894 questionnaires for elderly people with COPD risk were collected from 2015 to 2019 in Shanghai, and 879 COPD death data were collected during the same period. Patients in the urban area accounted for relatively a higher proportion. Presence of chronic respiratory symptoms such as chronic sputum, chronic cough, and dyspnea, past or existing exposure to occupational harmful factors, indoor use of polluted fuel, smoking, and severe childhood respiratory infections accounted for the highest proportion. The proportion of people with combined two risk factors of COPD was the highest. From 2015 to 2019, the mortality rate of COPD patients in Shanghai showed a significant year by year decline. Further analysis found that as the age of patients increased, their mortality rate also increased significantly. Conclusion Among the elderly at risk of COPD, the population in the urban area was at higher risk. The chronic respiratory symptoms, exposure history of risk factors, and the combination of two risk factors accounted for a relatively high proportion of the elderly at risk of COPD. From 2015 to 2019, the mortality rate of COPD patients in Shanghai significantly decreased year by year. The mortality rate also increased significantly with the age.
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Objective: To reveal the extraction, distribution, and influencing factors of volatile components in the extraction process of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum (DOL). Methods: Volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation, and the extract was collected every 30 min to separate the aromatic water part and the volatile oil part, of which chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. Results: A total of 136 volatile constituents were obtained, of which trans-nerolidol, (E)-β-famesene, and α-farnesene were the main characteristic constituents. A total of 22 kinds of components distributed only in water, 13 kinds only in oil and 101 kinds in both oil and water. The specific components in water were positively correlated with the dissolution/diffusion of the main characteristic components in aromatic water, while negatively correlated with the main components in volatile oil. The water solubility of the unique components in water is the highest. The results of principal component analysis showed that PC1 (melting point, surface tension, polar surface, negative correlation of refractive index) and PC2 (polarizability, molecular weight, boiling point positive correlation, negative correlation of water solubility) were the principal components that lead to the difference of component distribution. Conclusion: Affected by the physical and chemical properties of volatile component itself, some components specifically distributed in water which increased the content of main components in the aromatic water, resulting in volatile oil extraction process easy to “emulsification”, in turn, leading to an important reason for the declining quality of volatile oil.
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Objective: To analyze the progress of eliminating malaria and the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Sanya city, Hainan Province, China, from 1951 to 2018. Methods: This study used the historical data analysis method which belongs to descriptive study to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria. The data were obtained from previous historical records of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Sanya. Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS 21.0 software were used for data collation and analysis. Results: The malaria prevention and control in Sanya experienced three main stages. Time during 1951-1983 is the period of controlling malaria epidemic, 1984-2009 is the period of regular management, and 2010-2018 is the period of eliminating malaria. From 1951 to 2018, the incidence of malaria showed a long-term trend of gradual decline. The average annual incidence rates were 268.55 per 10 000 people during 1951-1983, 22.96 per 10 000 people during 1984-2009, and 0.026 per 10 000 people during 2010-2018, respectively. The highest incidence of malaria in history was in 1956 and the incidence was 1 030.60 per 10 000 people. From 1951 to 2018, the incidence of malaria was high in all months througout the year, with the highest incidence in July. The distribution characteristics of the insect species were as follows: before 1981, the reported cases were mainly Plasmodium falciparum malaria; from 1981 to 2014, the reported cases were Plasmodium falciparum malaria and Plasmodium vivax malaria; and the local cases were quartan malaria in 2015. As for the characteristics of the vectors: before 1960, Anopheles minimus was the main vector of malaria transmission, and after 1980, Anopheles dirus was the main vector. Conclusions: From 1951 to 2018, the incidence of malaria in Sanya decreased gradually and showed a trend of elimination.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution of pressure- and heat-sensitive acupoints of the Large Intestine of Hand-Yangming, Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming and the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin below the elbow and knee joints in patients with allergic rhinitis, so as to explore the positive reaction points at the body surface of allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Thirty variant rhinitis volunteer subjects and 30 healthy subjects were recruited in the present study. The subcutaneous induration, reaction points of emptiness-like feeling or pressing pain below the elbow- and knee-joints along the Large Intestine Meridian, Stomach Meridian and the Lung Meridian were inspected first, then re-examined by using heat-sensitized moxibustion method and a hand-held pain threshold tester (mechanical pressure), respectively. The frequency and coincidence rate of pressing-pain sensitive and heat-sensitive points were analyzed. RESULTS: In the 30 patients with allergic rhinitis, 10 positive reaction points as Kongzui (LU6), Chize (LU5), Hegu (LI4), Quchi (LI11), Shousanli(LI10), Zusanli (ST36), Shangjuxu (ST37), Fenglong (ST40), Xiajuxu (ST39), and non-acupoint of the Lung Meridian were found. Among them, the duration of heat-sensitive reaction in the LU6, LI10, ST37, ST40, and ST39 regions was obviously shorter in patients than in healthy subjects (P0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a high overlap in the distribution of pressure- and heat-sensitive acupoints of the Lung, Large Intestine and Stomach meridians below the elbow and knee joints in patients with allergic rhinitis, and there is an imbalance between the left and right limbs in the mechanical pain threshold of the pressure- and heat-sensitive acupoints, but needing being further confirmed.
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Objective: To understand the trend of birth defects in Xi'an by using gray model, ARIMA and NAR. Methods: The birth defects monitoring data of perinatal infants from 28-week pregnant women to 7 days after birth were collected from all the hospitals with obstetrical department in Xi'an during 2003 and 2015. The incidence of birth defects data from October 2003 to September 2015 in Xi'an City were used to construct the data model. We compared data with the actual birth defects rate from October 2003 to September 2015 to further optimize and make supplement for the model, and then predicted the incidence of birth defects in Xi'an from 2016 to 2017. Microsoft Excel 2003 was used for data input and SPSS version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Matlab was used for Gray Model and NAR prediction. ARIMA mathematical model was predicted by R software. Results: The grey prediction model suggested that the birth defects rate in the four quarters of 2016 and 2017 was 9.62‰, 9.67‰, 9.72‰, 9.77‰, 9.82‰, 9.87‰, 9.92‰ and 9.97‰, which was in slow increase. The ARIMA model predicted that the birth defects rate in Xi'an would still fluctuate at a high level in 2016 and 2017, and the rate in the four quarters was 11.98‰, 12.83‰, 11.28‰, 11.78‰, 12.23‰, 11.73‰, 11.80‰ and 12.00‰. The NAR model predicted that the birth defects rate in Xi'an was 13.24‰, 17.91‰, 10.55‰, 16.08‰, 16.47‰, 9.42‰, 11.99‰ and 11.68‰. The birth defects rate would reach the peak in 2016 and decrease in 2017. Comparison of the above three models showed that the root mean square error of grey prediction model, ARIMA model and NAR model was 1.353 009, 1.181 373 and 0.555 347, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the prediction by the above three mathematical models, it shows that NAR model is more accurate and reliable in predicting the data of this study, followed by ARIMA and grey model. Effective intervention measures for birth defects are still the key task of public health for a long time.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene( OMDT) in Guangdong Province. METHODS: The data of OMDT cases diagnosed by Guangdong occupational disease diagnosis institutions from 1988 to 2016 was collected and analyzed. The data of OMDT come from medical records,the National Occupational Disease Network Reporting System and literature retrieval. RESULTS: A total of 475 cases of OMDT were diagnosed in Guangdong Province during 1988 to 2016. The recovery rate was 91. 4%( 434/475),and the fatality rate was 8. 6%( 41/475). All cases had a clear history of trichloroethylene( TCE) exposure and had not been exposed to TCE prior to the present exposure. The median incubation period was 30 days. The exceeding standard rate of TCE time weighted average concentration was 80. 7%( 171/212),and the exceeding standard rate of urine trichloroacetic acid was 75. 0%( 123/164). The years that have most OMDT cases were from 1999 to 2006,which accounted for 64. 0%( 304/475); but there was no seasonal aggregation. The enterprises of OMDT cases concentrated in the Pearl River Delta Region,with Shenzhen City and Dongguan City accounting for 62. 9%. The median age of onset was22 years old,81. 9% of cases were 30 years old or below. The male-female ratio was 1. 2 ∶ 1. 0; 57. 7%( 274/475) cases were from southern China. Meanwhile,95. 4%( 453/475) of the cases came from the manufacturing industry such as electronics factory,hardware factory,electroplating factory and others. CONCLUSION: The distribution of OMDT cases on area,age of onset,native place and occupation in Guangdong Province showed a certain aggregation.
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Objective To investigate the influence of meteorological factors on the number of patients and the time patients visiting the emergency department for medical care.Methods The data of meteorological variation and air pollution associated with the characteristics of distribution of time when the patients visited the emergency department in a tertiary grade A class hospital in Shanghai were collected in 2016.Quasi Poisson generalized additive model (GAM) applied for time series analysis was used to find the correlation between daily temperature and number of patients visiting emergency department,and with the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) the relationship between the temperature and humidity was established and the confounding factors related with time visiting the emergency department was controlled in this model.Results In 2016,the average number of emergency visits in a tertiary grade A class hospital in Shanghai was 1027.The peak flow of patients occurred between 18:00 to-22:00 and trough emerged between 2:00 to-8:00.The number of visits in winter was greater than that in spring and autumn,and the number of patients on weekends and holidays was more than that on weekdays.The response of temperature exposure to the change of emergency volume in the hospital showed a J shape distribution.The low temperature and high temperature caused increase in visits,and the low temperature effect could last more than 2 weeks.The lowest number of visits occurred when the temperature (that is the lowest suitable temperature for medical treatment) was about 7 degrees Celsius,and the daily number of patients in emergency internal medicine was increased to 1.09 times (95％CI:1.03～1.16) compared with the optimum temperature.Compared with the optimum temperature,the daily visits increased to 1.27 times (95％CI:1.08～1.50) in the highest temperature.When the suitable temperature decreased by 1 degree,the visiting quantity increased by 2.43％ (95％CI:0.83％～4.18％),and the number of visits increased by 0.96％ (95％CI:0.31％～1.64％) every 1 degree rise.Conclusions There was a difference in the number of emergency visits between different times,and low temperature and high temperature had an obvious influence on the amount of emergency visits,and the effect of low temperature on the volume of visits was more lasting.
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Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Beijing during 2004-2015 and evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of bacillary dysentery.Methods The incidence data of bacterial dysentery and meteorological data in Beijing from 2004 to 2015 were collected.Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to study the distribution characteristics of bacterial dysentery.Linear correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out to investigate the relationship between the incidence of bacillary dysentery and average precipitation,average air temperature,sunshine hours,average wind speed,average air pressure,gale and rain days.Results A total of 280 704 cases of bacterial dysentery,including 36 deaths,were reported from 2004 to 2015 in Beijing,the average annual incidence was 130.15/100 000.The annual incidence peak was mainly between May and October,the cases occurred during this period accounted for 80.75％ of the total,and the incidence was highest in age group 0 year.The population distribution showed that most cases were children outside child care settings and students,and the sex ratio of the cases was 1.22 ∶ 1.The reported incidence of bacillary dysentery was positively associated with average precipitation,average air temperature and rain days with the correlation coefficients of 0.931,0.878 and 0.888,but it was negatively associated with the average pressure,the correlation coefficient was-0.820.Multiple linear regression equation for fitting analysis of bacillary dysentery and meteorological factors was Y=3.792 + 0.162X1.Conclusion The reported incidence of bacillary dysentery in Beijing was much higher than national level.The annual incidence peak was during July to August,and the average precipitation was an important meteorological factor influencing the incidence of bacillary dysentery.
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Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Beijing during 2004-2015 and evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of bacillary dysentery.Methods The incidence data of bacterial dysentery and meteorological data in Beijing from 2004 to 2015 were collected.Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to study the distribution characteristics of bacterial dysentery.Linear correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out to investigate the relationship between the incidence of bacillary dysentery and average precipitation,average air temperature,sunshine hours,average wind speed,average air pressure,gale and rain days.Results A total of 280 704 cases of bacterial dysentery,including 36 deaths,were reported from 2004 to 2015 in Beijing,the average annual incidence was 130.15/100 000.The annual incidence peak was mainly between May and October,the cases occurred during this period accounted for 80.75％ of the total,and the incidence was highest in age group 0 year.The population distribution showed that most cases were children outside child care settings and students,and the sex ratio of the cases was 1.22 ∶ 1.The reported incidence of bacillary dysentery was positively associated with average precipitation,average air temperature and rain days with the correlation coefficients of 0.931,0.878 and 0.888,but it was negatively associated with the average pressure,the correlation coefficient was-0.820.Multiple linear regression equation for fitting analysis of bacillary dysentery and meteorological factors was Y=3.792 + 0.162X1.Conclusion The reported incidence of bacillary dysentery in Beijing was much higher than national level.The annual incidence peak was during July to August,and the average precipitation was an important meteorological factor influencing the incidence of bacillary dysentery.
ABSTRACT
In order to study the distribution of virulence genes of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in Hebei Province,29 virulence genes of Lm,including Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity islands Ⅰ (LIPI-Ⅰ:prfA,plcA,plcB,hlyA,mpl and actA),10 internalins genes (inlA,inlB,inlC,inlD,inlE,inlF,inlG,inlH /C2,inlI and inlJ) and the other 13 virulence-associated genes (bsh,srtA,iap,sigB,virR,mprF,dltA,dltB,dltC,dltD,srtB,fbpA and hpt) were detected by PCR.Results showed that in the 91 Lm strains,the detection rate of 23 virulence genes were 100％.The 29 virulence genes of 26 Lm strains were all detected,and 65 Lm strains had different deletion of 6 virulence genes inlD,inlF,inlG,inlH /C2,inlJ and mpl.The deletion rate of inlG and inlF were 60.44％ and 54.95％,respectively,following by mpl gene,with a deletion rate of 19.78％.According to the absence of virulence genes,91 strains could be divided into 10 subtypes,and the dominant virulence subtypes was type Ⅰ with all 23 virulence genes.The deletion rate of virulent genes in Shijiazhuang was higher than that in northern Hebei.It is suggested that the rate of virulence gene of food-borne Lm in Hebei Province is high,and the virulence gene deletion patterns has diversity and regional differences.